Domestic Violence As A Public Health Problem Essay

Domestic violence as a public health problem is studied from an epidemiological perspective. Epidemiology is the core of public health, providing insight into the causes, prevalence, and control of disease in populations. Partner abuse is defined, risk factors, prevalence, and consequences are addressed from both the civilian and military perspectives as it relates to the batterer, spouse, and children. Most of what is known about domestic violence from a scientific perspective are through a civilian lens. A growing body of research on partner abuse in the military is emerging with most studies conducted on the Army. The article reports on the results of an in-depth study of the epidemiology of partner abuse in all branches of the military. Rates of violence are higher in military populations than is civilian populations. Data further suggests that more severe forms of abuse occur in military families. Evidence-based prevention and intervention approaches were recommended with a fo cus on real and perceived barriers to treatment. The article serves as a foundation for my paper. It is scientifically based, epidemiologically focused on the definition, causes, distribution and treatment options for domestic violence. It supports my position that domestic violence is a major public health issue of civilian and military populations. The article further addresses the entire family and both the civilian and military communities. It is also one of a few sources that evaluated allShow MoreRelatedDomestic Violence : A Global Public Health Problem Of Epidemic Proportions, Requiring Urgent Action Essay899 Words   |  4 PagesTheoretical Frameworks 3 Defining Domestic Violence 5 A Brief History 6 International Comparisons 7 Discussion of Domestic Violence 9 References 10 Executive Summary This report will offer a review of Domestic Violence in Aotearoa/New Zealand. 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The violence may include physical, sexual, emotional and financial abuse’ (Home Office 2003, p. 6). The Safety and Justice consultation paper also highlights that, ‘domestic violence occurs across society, regardless of age, gender, race, sexuality, wealth and geography. However, it is predominantly Read MoreApplying Service Delivery Models Essay824 Words   |  4 PagesU01d1 - Applying Service Delivery Models – Pat Finch * Select two contemporary problems of interest to you. Two contemporary social problems of interest are transitional housing needs for homeless mothers and domestic violence in the African American community. Fischer (2000) wrote homeless families face the economic and personal challenges of sparse employment opportunities, child care and nutrition needs, compounded by the loss of adequate housing. Those with the greatest risk of being unemployedRead MoreDomestic Violence And Sexual Abuse1456 Words   |  6 PagesDomestic Violence is violence between intimate partners. Intimate partners can be people who live together or people who are currently dating or have dated in the past. â€Å"Perhaps a better definition of domestic violence is emotional abuse, physical abuse, or sexual abuse between people who have at some point in time had an intimate or family relationship.† (AAETS). Emotional abuse is when an intimate partner has continuously criticized you, manipulated you with lies, and humiliated you in public or

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~CSB RG, 344-45, 351-55, 359-61 ~Amos 1-4 = CSB, 1265-70 After reading these passages, read one more: Amos 5:21-24 (CSB, 1271). Verse 24 contains that famous line from Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.’s â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech (August 28, 1963. See: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=smEqnnklfYs, 10:32 ff). How does your knowledge of Amos’ message prompt you to interpret Dr. King’s message? How does Dr. King’s particular indictments of northern and southern states mirror Amos’ criticisms of Judah and Israel? How do Dr. King’s appeals to the â€Å"promissory notes† of the Emancipation Proclamation and the Declaration of Independence mirror Amos’ Deuteronomic/prophetic appeal to Israel’s covenant with God? (Note that for Dr. King, the violation of†¦show more content†¦How does this chapter fit the pattern of a â€Å"covenant lawsuit† (see CSB RG, 360; cf. 352)? What has God done for the tribes of Israel? What two kinds of service are demanded of Israel in retur n (think two â€Å"tables† of the Law/Decalogue)? Which one is emphasized here? Can the former service (faith/worship) be acceptable to God without the latter (good works)? Which do you think is more important: right worship and belief (orthodoxy) or right ethical commitments and actions (orthopraxy)? (Hint: this last sub-question is a trick question.) This chapter fits the pattern of a covenant lawsuit because of the event of Yahweh accusing Israel of breaking the covenant through their lack of justice and honesty, after the pattern of the kings of Israel. God granted a good measure of prosperity for the tribes of Israel. The two kinds of service are demanded of Israel in return are to believe in God and worship his word. I believe worshiping his word is more emphasized because it encourages people do what God says and spread his word rather than mindlessly believing in God. The former service (faith/worship) can not be acceptable to God without the latter because it would d o any justice to God if you were to believe in him without preaching his faith. I believe both orthodoxy and orthopraxy are just as important as eachother. In this and your other readings for this class session, what did you find to be the most

Night Creature Blue Moon Chapter 4 Free Essays

Before you get the wrong impression, I didn’t shoot her. I spun around, coming face-to-face with my boss, Sheriff Clyde Johnston. â€Å"Were you gonna shoot that pistol or whistle Dixie?† he grumbled. We will write a custom essay sample on Night Creature: Blue Moon Chapter 4 or any similar topic only for you Order Now If Clyde wasn’t three-quarters Indian, he’d be a good old boy to rival them all. As it was, his belly stretched his sheriff’s shirt to bursting, the chew in his mouth garbled his speech, and the size of his gun made me remember old jokes about large weapons and small male equipment. His habit of parroting lines from Clint Eastwood movies in normal conversation frayed the patience of better men than me. His Clint fixation also explained why we carried .44 Magnums in Miniwa when a lot of other departments had moved into the world of semiautomatic weapons. But I agreed with Clyde that revolvers were more reliable than the newfangled automatics, which required a higher quality of ammunition and had a habit of misfiring. When dealing with guns, I vote for reliability over speed any day. My ears ringing from the volume of the blast, I ran across the room and picked up the little boy. He was still unconscious. A quick glance at the other body, principal from the cut of the suit, revealed he was as dead as Karen Larson, though not from the same cause. Her head sported a large hole. The principal’s neck did. â€Å"Guess .44 Magnum is the most powerful handgun in the world,† Clyde observed. â€Å"Nearly blew her head clean off.† This was a bit much, even for me. I headed for the door with the kid and left Clyde to clean up after himself for a change. He took one glance at my face and didn’t stop me. The EMTs were in the hall. I handed the boy to the nearest one. â€Å"This is the only known injury. The others are fatalities.† The woman gave a quick, capable nod as she checked him over. â€Å"What’s his name?† â€Å"Don’t know. He was unconscious when I got here. He might not even be hurt. That’s not his blood or – † I broke off. No need to detail what else wasn’t his. â€Å"Right,† she said. â€Å"We’ll take it from here.† They whisked him off to points unknown, and though I didn’t want to, I returned to the crime scene. Clyde had everything under control. He might look like a fool, but he wasn’t. That’s how he’d stayed sheriff of Miniwa for thirty years. The Indians trusted him, and the white folks held him up as their token native. That he was smart as a shiny new shoe and had never allowed a crime to go unpunished on his watch didn’t hurt, either. He hovered near the scene, intent on preserving it until the techs and the medical examiner arrived. Miniwa being such a small community, we shared both with Clearwater, across the lake, and several other tiny towns. As I entered the room, Clyde glanced up, then quirked a dark, bushy brow. â€Å"Tell me, Jessie, how is it I find little ol’ you in the middle of this great big mess?† Only a man the size of Clyde would consider me little. I’d be fond of him for that alone, if I were capable of it. â€Å"I was following up on a case.† He frowned. â€Å"Which case?† Since he’d just come on duty and I’d just gone off, Clyde wouldn’t have seen my report yet, even if I had filed one. â€Å"Minor traffic accident. Miss Larson hit a wolf.† â€Å"Who?† I waved my hand in the direction of body number two. â€Å"Oh. So?† Quickly I filled him in on the details. Wham, bam, down goes the wolf. Nip the hand, chase through the night, no sign of the animal. Then Miss Larson nixing the rabies shots and her subsequent need for them. I left out the naked Indian part. Clyde wouldn’t be interested. â€Å"Huh,† he muttered. â€Å"Papers are gonna have a field day.† I groaned. Small towns had little to do but gossip. The incidents of the past twelve hours were going to turn into a major media event and quite possibly a serious problem. There’d be gunmen in the woods searching for a rabid wolf – DNR orders be damned. We’d have panic-stricken citizens shooting stray dogs and maybe even stray people. â€Å"Exactly.† Clyde spit a brown stream into a nearby garbage can. Hadn’t anyone informed him of the horrors of tongue cancer? â€Å"Maybe you oughta just keep the wolf story to yourself, hmm?† â€Å"But – â€Å" â€Å"No buts. You know what’ll happen. Once we take care of the wolf, we’ll tell the truth. Where’s the harm in that?† True. However – â€Å"I’ll have to talk to Brad and Zee,† I said. â€Å"But they shouldn’t be a problem.† Clyde grunted. â€Å"Good. Do that.† â€Å"There’s also a doctor at the clinic – â€Å" â€Å"I’ll talk to him.† â€Å"Okay.† I stood there, uncertain. I wanted to ask Clyde a question, but I wasn’t sure how. â€Å"You gotta be draggin’ , Jessie. Go home. Sleep. I can handle this.† â€Å"Not much left to handle,† I muttered, eyes on the bodies. I felt his sharp glare. â€Å"You got somethin’ else to say? Say it.† He knew as well as I did that I couldn’t leave until reinforcements arrived. Clyde had just shot a civilian. There were procedures to follow, not the least of which was taking his gun and giving my statement as a witness. I really shouldn’t have left him in the room alone, but what choice did I have with an unconscious child in my arms? Clyde was a good cop. He’d already bagged his gun. The pistol lay on one of the desks, an obscene reminder of too many other guns in schools. â€Å"Jessie?† Clyde prompted. I continued to hesitate. Clyde had been sheriff since before I was born; who was I to question his methods? Still I couldn’t go home and sleep without asking. My curiosity wouldn’t let me. â€Å"Did you have to hit her in the head, Clyde? I mean – † I shrugged, spread my hands. â€Å"Wouldn’t the leg have worked just as well?† â€Å"I’ve seen perps keep comin’ with bullets in their leg, gut, chest, back. But I’ve never seen any get up after I put one between their eyes.† â€Å"But – â€Å" â€Å"She was stark ravin’ loony. She’d already killed one man and she had a kid in her hands. You wanna argue head or leg with that boy’s mama?† â€Å"No, sir.† â€Å"I didn’t think you would.† Clyde stared at me for a moment, as if taking my measure. Before he could say anything else, the crime scene techs and two of our officers arrived and got to work. I gave my statement and was released. The medical examiner had not yet arrived to pronounce the victims. Nothing new there. Dr. Prescott Bozeman was a fuckup if ever there was one. I glanced at Clyde and received a sharp nod. â€Å"We know where to find you if we need you, Jessie Mc-Quade.† All the way home I wondered why his words sounded like a threat when I knew that they weren’t. I managed to sleep a few hours, but something in my subconscious kept pricking at me. A jumble of memories tumbled through my dreams, conversations, medical jargon, a swinging golden earring, and a wolf totem. I awoke with the midafternoon sun shining hot across my bed. I’d forgotten to pull the heavy curtains I’ d purchased so I could sleep in the daytime and work all night. I had to have been exhausted to forget, equally exhausted to sleep through the brightest part of the day. But now I was awake, and a question kept pounding in my head like the ache pounding behind my eyes. What was wrong with this picture ? I crawled into the kitchen, turned on the coffeemaker, shoved my mug onto the hot plate until it was full, then slammed the carafe into place. The totem bothered me. If it had been on the road before Karen hit the wolf, it should have been dust. If she’d been wearing it, then why had I found the thing so far from the car? The only other explanation was the wolf had been wearing the necklace, and I had a hard time buying that. I yanked out the notes I’d made while I waited for the doctor to speak to me. There it was in blue and white. Karen had said the wolf was chasing†¦ something. I figured a rabbit, but they didn’t wear necklaces, either. Though I was sure the totem would turn out to be nothing important, still its presence at the crime scene disturbed me. I decided to discover what the thing meant and who might have been wearing it. I poured more coffee and took the cup into the shower with me. One of the joys of living alone – I could pretty much do anything I wanted, whenever I wanted, and no one would say a word. Not that anyone ever had. My mother disapproved of me, sure. I’d known that even before she skipped off to a real city before I turned nineteen. But she would never have been so crass as to nag or bitch, which made me wonder why my dad had skipped ahead of her. As I’d concluded on those other occasions when I’d wondered, it had to be me he’d been leaving behind. I had my hair full of shampoo when another jolt of brilliance hit me. Not only was the totem an annoying loose end, but there was something about Miss Larson’s rabies that wasn’t quite right. After rinsing my hair none too thoroughly, I wrapped myself in a towel and dripped from the bathroom into the living room, where I tapped a few commands into my computer. Rabies information poured onto the screen like water into a storm sewer. â€Å"Aha!† I exclaimed, and hit the print button. Rabies had an incubation period in humans from one to three months. If a person was bitten near the brain, or an area that contained a lot of nerve endings such as the hand – bingo – symptoms would be accelerated. But I doubted that meant from a few months to a few hours. If not rabies, then what had turned Miss Larson into a mad killer? I’m not saying that being a teacher is conducive to sanity, but eating the principal is taking things a bit too far. I needed to have a talk with the medical examiner. â€Å"He isn’t in.† I’d taken a chance and shown up at the medical examiner’s office without calling first. I should have known better. We had our share of death in Miniwa; however, the deaths were usually quite easily explained. People wandered off up here more than they did other places. If their bodies were ever recovered, an exception and not a rule, they were not in stellar condition. The last murder had been ten years past, an open-and-shut case of two men, a woman, and a gun. No mystery there. The guy with the gun had done it, leaving very little in the way of medical examination. Which was lucky, because Prescott Bozeman wasn’t much of an examiner. I stood in his outer office, scowling at his perfectly made up and exquisitely dressed secretary. â€Å"It’s three-thirty on a weekday,† I said. â€Å"Where is he?† â€Å"Not in.† I ground my teeth. Bozeman had gotten away with being lazy in Miniwa because there wasn’t a whole helluva lot to do. But you’d think that when he did have something, he’d do it. You’d think. â€Å"Did he even make it to the scene this morning?† â€Å"He was unavailable.† I resisted the urge to smack myself in the forehead. I’d only make my headache worse. â€Å"Who pronounced the victims?† â€Å"I couldn’t say.† â€Å"Could you say when Bozeman might get around to doing his job?† Her lips pursed. She didn’t like me. Fancy that. Her eyes wandered from my shorn hair, which was neither blond nor brown but somewhere in between, a color a woman like her could never leave alone, past my gray miniwa pd T-shirt, to my well-loved and much-worn jeans, which made her pert nose wrinkle. But it was my expensive running shoes that confounded her. Why would a woman like me, who obviously cared nothing for my appearance or my clothes, spend over a hundred dollars on shoes? Because happy feet made a happy person. I’d learned that the hard way in cop school. I took in her three-inch spike heels and sneered. Lucky she sat on her ass all day or she might be a cripple before she was thirty. If not from the angle of those nosebleeders, then from falling off of them one too many times. I’m tall enough not to bother with high heels, not that I would even if I were an itty-bitty woman like this one. But I could tell, even before she sneered right back at me, that she had classic short person’s complex. Being tall was a crime and she was the judge, jury, and executioner. Guess what that made me? â€Å"As you’d know if you’d bothered to check, Officer – â€Å" The way she said â€Å"Officer† was reminiscent of the way I said â€Å"scum-sucking leech,† not that I said it so often, but you get the drift. â€Å"Dr. Bozeman is not in on Tuesdays.† â€Å"But – â€Å" â€Å"Ever.† â€Å"There’s been an incident.† â€Å"I’m well aware of that.† â€Å"He couldn’t come in today and take off tomorrow?† â€Å"Unlike yours, Officer, Dr. Bozeman’s clients aren’t going to run away if he isn’t looking. They’ll still be here when he is.† Small towns. Gotta love ‘ em. Or else go crazy living in ’em. When I exited the office, after leaving my name, various numbers, and a request for Bozeman’s final report, I slammed the door. Childish, I know. So slap me. The next item on my agenda was finding a Native American totem expert. This proved a bit more difficult than I’d thought, considering I lived in a county that boasted a nearly fifty-fifty ratio of Indians to everyone else. But I couldn’t exactly walk into the Coffee Pot on Center Street and ask the resident counter warmer where I could find such an expert. Zee, usually the authority on everything, knew nothing. Like most residents, she wasn’t a big supporter of the Indians. They had their lives, she had hers, and never the two should meet. This was the opinion of a lot of the old folks, on both sides of the fence, and too many young ones as well. I could drive out to the reservation and ask around, but my best bet was Miniwa University. Situated on the largest acreage at the far side of Clearwater Lake, the college had once been a boarding school back in the days when the government had taken Indian children away from their parents and tried to raise them white. Every time I saw the school, I cringed. What had they been thinking? They hadn’t been. Eventually someone had seen the idea for what it was – stupid – and all the children were sent back to where they’d come from. The buildings had slowly reverted to their original use. Learning. Miniwa was primarily a liberal arts university. However, many of the local Indian scholars, and quite a few from other tribes, became visiting lecturers for a semester or two. I was confident that someone would know someone who knew something about the totem in my pocket. I was right. Within five minutes I was directed to the office of William Cadotte, visiting professor from Minnesota and, conveniently, an expert on Native American totems. I’d heard the name. Cadotte was also an activist, a purveyor of the old ways, to many a troublemaker. Clyde had him on our handy-dandy watch list, though for what I wasn’t quite sure. I followed the directions to a corner office. William Cadotte had been scrawled on a piece of paper and taped to the wall. The door was ajar. I glanced inside. The place was the size of a storage closet, the chairs piled with books. Tiny bits of wood, metal, and stone were scattered across the surface of the desk. With no window, the room smelled stale; the lighting was murky. A shuffle from the shadows made me straighten and step back. He was inside. I tapped a knuckle against the door. I expected Dr. Cadotte to be elderly, with a lined, brown face, heavily veined hands, and a waist-length iron gray ponytail. No such luck. The door swung open. I didn’t recognize him at first. But then, he was wearing clothes. How to cite Night Creature: Blue Moon Chapter 4, Essay examples

European Colonization of the Americas and What It Meant for Native Tribes free essay sample

European colonization of what would become North America was motivated by various reasons, including the desire for religious freedom, profit, or a chance to start over. The colonies were populated by religious groups seeking freedom to practice their religions without interference from England, indentured servants, debtors seeking a clean slate, settlers hoping to find a profit and people who were brought to America involuntarily as slaves from Africa. The establishment of European colonies in North America meant dealing with the Native American tribes who had already lived in the area for centuries. More often than not, colonists treated the native peoples as lesser beings and savages, and tensions between natives and Europeans led to many inhumane acts and deaths, particularly deaths of the native peoples. English colonization took many trial and error attempts before they were able to establish the famed thirteen colonies that would eventually go on to become the United States of America. Despite the catchy assertion that â€Å"in 1492, Columbus sailed the ocean blue† and became the first person to discover the â€Å"New World†, he was not the first foreigner to set foot in what would become North America. Aside from the native tribes that had already been in the Americas for centuries, there was another group of people to find America before Columbus. The Vikings were the first to discover what would become North America. However, the Vikings did not remain in the area and their discovery of North America became something of a Viking legend. In 1492 an explorer named Christopher Columbus set out to find a new route to Asia in order to maximize the efficiency of the spice trade between Asia and Europe. Instead of discovering a shorter route to Asia, Columbus stumbled across the new world that would come to be known as America. Though his discovery is referred to as the new world, there were countless groups of Native American tribes who had been living in America for centuries and had their own cultures and ways of life. Columbus did not arrive in the new world with an open mind regarding the native populations. Like many people at the time, Columbus regarded those with a skin color different from his own to be inferior. On Columbus’ second trip to America, he wrote a letter to the King and Queen suggesting that they enslave a large portion of the Native American population. â€Å"Their Highnesses will see that I can give them as much gold as they desire nd as many slaves as they choose to send for, all heathens† (Columbus’ first letter, 1493) After the monarchy refused this suggestion, Columbus proceeded to enslave the native peoples regardless. 1,200 natives were taken from their homes and enslaved by Columbus. 560 of these natives were forcibly sent on a ship to Spain where 200 of t hem died of illness during the trip (Weatherford). In 1584, Sir Walter Raleigh established the colony of Roanoke on an island off of present-day North Carolina. Roanoke became the first European colony established in America. The charter to establish Roanoke was granted to Raleigh by the Queen Elizabeth I with the intentions of discovering riches in America as well as having a base from which the privateers she had commissioned could raid Spanish ships. The colony of Roanoke survived for three years before mysteriously disappearing, earning it the title â€Å"the lost colony†. One of the most commonly held beliefs regarding Roanoke’s fate, is that trouble with the native populations led to the deaths of several colonists, while the rest integrated into the Native lifestyle rather than face starvation or death by other means. In 1534 Jacques Cartier, an explorer for France, founded the settlement New France in the area of present-day Canada and the northern US. The French had a better relationship with the native inhabitants than any of the other countries that had, or would colonize the Americas. The French realized that trouble with the natives could be detrimental and that a positive relationship with them could be beneficial. The French treated the natives with respect instead of viewing them as savages or lesser beings like the Spanish and British did. The French established a polite trading system of fur with the Native Americans. The French’s respect for the indigenous peoples would later be rewarded by the native’s help in the French and Indian War between the colonial French and the colonial British. A group of French Protestants called the Huguenots settled in what would become the southern US, but were eventually killed or driven away by colonial Spain to the south. In 1624, the Dutch settled the area of present day New York and New Jersey. They named their settlement New Amsterdam. The Dutch remained in the area until 664 when the British took over the colonies and renamed part New York and part New Jersey. The British also gained the colony of New Sweden from the Dutch, which went on to become a part of present-day Delaware. By the year 1600 the Spanish had established an expansive empire in America from present-day California to present day Florida, and down into Central America. The Spanish sought to expand their empire in the search of a profit and also to spread their Catholic faith. The Spanish obtained this vast empire by destroying the native peoples that stood between them and conquest. The three well-known cultures that were decimated during the Spanish conquest of the Americas were the Aztecs, the Maya and the Inca. In 1565, the Spanish attacked and took the French’s colonial settlement of Fort Caroline, killing 200 settlers. The Spanish then renamed the settlement St. Augustine. The Spanish desire for expansion would later cause tension between colonial Spain and colonial Britain. In 1606, King James I of England sold charters to the Plymouth Company and to the London Virginia Company. The charter was divided between the two companies, giving the Plymouth Company the northern half in the current-day Maine area. The colony established by the Plymouth Company did not succeed and was soon abandoned. With their Southern half of the charter, The London Virginia Company established the colony of Jamestown, Virginia which would become the first overseas English colony to succeed. The colonists of Jamestown faced many hardships in their first few years. The settlers of Jamestown arrived in the area at an inopportune time, as the area was experiencing a severe drought that made the cultivation of crops impossible. The lack of food resulted in many colonists dying of starvation. Aside from the drought, the settlers also experienced encounters from the native tribes who did not welcome their presence. Many settlers were killed by the Native Americans in the area, particularly in the long-standing rivalry that ensued between colonists and the neighboring tribes and resulted in the deaths of colonists and natives alike. Many other colonists died of diseases as a result of their malnutrition (Wolfe). When trouble with the neighboring Powhatan tribe finally subsisted, the colonists were introduced to the idea of using tobacco as a cash crop. With the introduction of tobacco as a cash crop the colony was finally able to succeed, though a darker issue arose from this success. As the tobacco trade became more and more successful for the colony, the issue arose of how to work the fields while spending the least amount of money on labor. Thus began America’s dark history of slavery. Several colonies were founded in order to seek religious freedom that was not offered in England. In 1620, a group of Protestants called the Pilgrims settled in Plymouth, Massachusetts. The Pilgrims chose to settle in America in order to be able to freely practice their religion. Nine years later, another religious group called the Puritans established a colony called the Massachusetts Bay Colony. The Puritans were unaccepting of other religions and established their colony in order to be able to practice their religion and also to be able to keep other religions out. In 1681, yet another colony was established for religious regions. William Penn, a Quaker, founded the colony of Pennsylvania in order to create a haven where Quakers could live and practice their beliefs in peace. In 1670, the establishment of the colony of Carolina was funded by a private group of Englishmen who were seeking to make a profit off of the colony. Carolina was settled but initially failed because no one had any motivation to move to the area. The colony of Carolina finally succeeded once farmable land was found in present-day Charleston. The establishment of South Carolina was motivated by the desire for profit, rather than for religious reasons as was the case in some of the other colonies. The motivations of the Carolinian settlers became apparent in their actions. Since they were profit-driven rather than being driven by religion as with some of the other colonies, the colonists of Carolina were most interested in how to maximize profits and did not mind if other people were hurt in order for their businesses to flourish. The Carolinian settlers came mainly from the British colony of Barbados, and they brought African slaves along with them. Being profit motivated, South Carolina began a trading relationship with the Caribbean Islands. Among the â€Å"items† traded were Native Americans that had been kidnapped and enslaved by the Carolinians in order to trade them to the Caribbean. Alongside their atrocities committed against the natives, the settlers of Carolina also brought in slaves from Africa to work in rice fields once they decided that slaves were cheaper to maintain than indentured servants. In 1733, the southern colony of Georgia was founded by James Oglethorpe in order to separate the colony of Carolina from the Spanish-populated Florida area due to tensions between Spain and Britain. These tensions were caused by Spain’s desire to be ever-expanding, and their history of attacking and taking over colonies that were close by. The English helped add to this tension through the practice of English privateers frequently raiding Spanish ships, stealing their gold or supplies and killing anyone in the way. Since the idea of living in a colony created as a buffer between two rivaling areas is not particularly appealing, Oglethorpe did not expect anyone to willingly settle in Georgia. This opened the question of how Georgia would be settled. The answer became a solution to another of England’s issues what to do with their large number of debtors. At the time in England to be in debt meant to remain in prison until the debt could be paid. James Oglethorpe pitied the debtors who could not pay their debts, and this pity gave him an idea that would solve two problems at once. The colony of Georgia was populated by debtors in England who were given the choice of colonization or remaining in prison in England until their debts could be paid. During the time of colonization, as many as 300,000 colonists were indentured servants (US-History. om). An indentured servant was a person whose boat fare, housing and food were all paid by the person who hires them. In exchange, the indentured servant entered into a contract and agreed to work for their master for as many years as it took for their debt to be paid off. Indentured servants worked in fields or as house servants and often were not treated well. While indentured servants did enter into the contract voluntarily, it was only because they could not afford to go to America on their own and they desperately wanted a chance to start over in the new world. As it became too expensive to keep indentured servants, colonists who owned plantations began to look for cheaper ways to work their fields. Between 1500 and 1800, over half of the population of the colonies consisted of African slaves who were brought to America against their will (Brinkley, 18). Many colonists and slave owners viewed African slaves as primitives and hardly regarded them as being human at all. The slaves were not given wages or promised freedom after a set number of years as with indentured servitude, but instead were regarded as the permanent property of the person who purchased them. The colonist’s poor treatment of anyone with a skin color different from theirs was also exhibited in their treatment of the Native Americans. As aforementioned, some colonies such as South Carolina forcibly enslaved the native populations and sold them in order to make a profit. The colonists also encroached on the native’s lands and were eager to expand westward without any regard for the native’s homes or lands. Colonists frequently regarded the natives as savages who were uncivilized and, like the Africans, hardly human. During colonization, several wars broke out between the settlers and the Native Americans. The war between the Powhatan tribe and the Virginians began when the colonist Captain John Smith began stealing food and supplies from the Native Americans as well as kidnapping several of them. Another dispute caused by the mistreatment of the Native Americans was King Philip’s War which began as a result of the natives defending themselves when the English colonists began to demand that the natives be held under the English colonist’s rule (Umass. edu). Another dispute between colonists and natives known as Bacon’s Rebellion began when a native tribe attacked the plantation of a colonist who had not paid them for goods. Colonists then returned attack on the wrong tribe of natives. Several native chiefs were killed throughout the dispute and some innocent and friendly natives were kidnapped by colonists (nps. gov). In conclusion, the new world was settled by many different kinds of people with many different motivations. Some settled in order to seek religious freedom, while others sought a profit, and some to escape their debt while others were brought to the colonies forcibly as slaves. Several colonies were only able to thrive by depending on the institution of slavery. The colonies also settled without any regard for the Native Americans who had already been living in the area. Many natives lost their lives in war with the colonists and many more lost their lives as a result of unfamiliar diseases brought over by the colonists. It took many failed colonies before the new world was settled by Europeans. After the colonization of Georgia in 1733, the English had established 13 English colonies in North America. They had also developed a successful economy grounded in tobacco, rice, and slavery.